The Impact of Trade Sanctions on the Supply and Demand of Sports, Recreational, and Cultural Services in Iran: A Recursive Dynamic Computable General Equilibrium Approach
1
Department of Physical Education, Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran
2
Department of Management, Khalkhal Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khalkhal, Iran
10.22098/rsmm.2025.16857.1457
Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the impact of Trade Sanctions (TS) on the supply and demand indicators of Sports, Recreational, and Cultural (SRC) services in Iran.
Methods: The research was applied in terms of objective and employed a descriptive-analytical approach. Data collection was carried out through documentary and library-based methods. We employed a standard recursive dynamic Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model, based on the 2016 Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) from the Central Bank of Iran. To assess the impact of TS, we simulated two scenarios involving simultaneous increases in import prices and decreases in export prices. Subsequently, we calculated the changes in indices related to the supply and demand of SRC services. This study fills a critical gap in the literature by employing a recursive dynamic CGE model to assess the impact of TS on the SRC services subsector in Iran, a topic that has been largely overlooked in previous research.
Results: The results showed that TS disproportionately impacted SRC services across supply and demand dimensions. Supply-side vulnerability manifested through significant reductions in domestic production, domestic sales, exports, and imports, all substantially exceeding economy-wide averages, except exports. Demand-side impacts included pronounced household consumption declines alongside severe contractions in government consumption and intermediate demand.
Conclusion: The findings reveal the subsector's pronounced vulnerability to external shocks like TS, highlighting the need for policymakers to strengthen infrastructure and mitigate the adverse effects of sanctions and potential damage.
Shahalinia, F. , Imanzadeh, M. and Sadigh Mohammadi, M. F. (2025). The Impact of Trade Sanctions on the Supply and Demand of Sports, Recreational, and Cultural Services in Iran: A Recursive Dynamic Computable General Equilibrium Approach. Research in Sport Management and Marketing, 6(4), -. doi: 10.22098/rsmm.2025.16857.1457
MLA
Shahalinia, F. , , Imanzadeh, M. , and Sadigh Mohammadi, M. F. . "The Impact of Trade Sanctions on the Supply and Demand of Sports, Recreational, and Cultural Services in Iran: A Recursive Dynamic Computable General Equilibrium Approach", Research in Sport Management and Marketing, 6, 4, 2025, -. doi: 10.22098/rsmm.2025.16857.1457
HARVARD
Shahalinia, F., Imanzadeh, M., Sadigh Mohammadi, M. F. (2025). 'The Impact of Trade Sanctions on the Supply and Demand of Sports, Recreational, and Cultural Services in Iran: A Recursive Dynamic Computable General Equilibrium Approach', Research in Sport Management and Marketing, 6(4), pp. -. doi: 10.22098/rsmm.2025.16857.1457
CHICAGO
F. Shahalinia , M. Imanzadeh and M. F. Sadigh Mohammadi, "The Impact of Trade Sanctions on the Supply and Demand of Sports, Recreational, and Cultural Services in Iran: A Recursive Dynamic Computable General Equilibrium Approach," Research in Sport Management and Marketing, 6 4 (2025): -, doi: 10.22098/rsmm.2025.16857.1457
VANCOUVER
Shahalinia, F., Imanzadeh, M., Sadigh Mohammadi, M. F. The Impact of Trade Sanctions on the Supply and Demand of Sports, Recreational, and Cultural Services in Iran: A Recursive Dynamic Computable General Equilibrium Approach. Research in Sport Management and Marketing, 2025; 6(4): -. doi: 10.22098/rsmm.2025.16857.1457
)