Presenting and Explaining the Quantitative Model of the Challenges of Women's Sports Development in Less Privileged Provinces

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Ph.D. Student of Sport Management Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran

2 Assistant Professor of Sport Management Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran

3 Assistant Professor of Sport Management Birjand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Birjand, Iran

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this research was to analyze and develop a model of the challenges of developing women's sports in low-income provinces. This research was applied in terms of purpose and quantitative in terms of research method and structural equation modeling (SEM) type of research.
Method: The statistical population consists of all managers and experts of the general sports and youth departments, experts of provincial boards, coaches, referees and athletes of different categories, who were selected by available sampling method. The research tool was developed by the researcher. In order to analyze the data, Kalmogorov-Smirnov (K-S), Friedman test and exploratory factor analysis test with Varimax rotation were used using SPSS 22 software. Smart PLS 2 software was used to check the construct validity, confirmatory factor analysis test and structural equation model test using the least squares method.
Results: Based on the results, among the challenges of advancing the development of women's sports in low-income provinces, the dimension of resources with a factor load (0.95) had the greatest effect. Also, managerial factors (0.85), behavioral factors (0.74) and environmental factors (0.37) were other effective dimensions in the structural model. According to the results, it can be stated that policymakers, governing bodies of sports, universities and society should cooperate to increase women's sports participation through increasing awareness, reducing economic barriers and improving physical health and physical fitness.
Conclusion: Increasing women's participation in sports may not only reduce gender inequalities, but may also lead to changes in traditional social norms.

Keywords

References

  • Ebrahimi, Abdul Hossein; Mehdipour, Abdul Rahman; Azmsha, Tahereh. The effect of sports infrastructure and demographic characteristics on sports participation of Ahvaz citizens using multilevel model (HLM), Journal of Applied Research in Sports Management, 2015, 5(1):77-90
  • Ajarlou, Fatima; Old, Bahram; Mohammad Kazemi, Reza; Azad Feda, Shiva. Designing a model of women's sports position in improving development indicators in Iran, strategic studies of sports and youth, 1400, 20(53): 159-174
  • Amini Amir Mozafar; Yousefi, Ali; Serai, Sudabah; Fatahi, Forough. The place of sports in the lives of women of Isfahan city and the factors that prevent it, two quarterly journals of participation and social development. 2016, 3(5): 46-27
  • Banar, Noushin; Ahmadi, Nasreen; Karimi, Fariba. Investigating the problems of women's championship sports in Gilan province, Journal of Human Resource Management in Sports, 1392, 1(1): 11-25.
  • Pourkiani, Mohammad; Hamidi, Mehrzad; Godarzi, Mahmoud; Khyberi, Mohammad. Analysis of the impact of professional sports and championships on the development of sports, Sports Management Studies, 2016, 9(4): 55-72
  • Todaro, Michael P; Smith, Stephen C. Economic development, translated by Vahid Mahmoudi, University of Tehran, second edition. 1400: 46
  • Khatibi, Amin; Heydarinejad, Siddiqa; Shatab Bushehri, Seyedah Nahid; Hashemi, Elham. Obstacles and solutions to the development of financial resources of women's sports in Iran, Sports Management Studies, 2019, 12(63): 112-89
  • Ramezani Nejad, Rahim; Yasuri, Majid; Javadipour, Mohammad; Malai, Mina. Comparison and analysis of the level of development of Iranian provinces in the field of championship sports, Sports Management Studies, 2017, 10(48): 153-176
  • Talibpour Akbar, Nazari Azad Masoumeh, Kashani Majid. Sociological analysis of gender inequality in sports (from the perspective of female national champion athletes), Women and Society (Sociology of Women), 1398, 10(4): 289-315
  • Qurbani, Mohammad Hossein, Jafar Lu, Hamidreza, Ismaili, Mohammad Reza. Sustainable development through sports: obstacles and strategies, sports management studies, 2019, 12(60): 102-83
  • Melai, Mina; Ramezani Nejad, Rahim; Yasuri, Majid; Javadipour, Mohammad. Analyzing the trend of inequality in the development of championship sports in the provinces of Iran, Sports Management and Development, 2017, 7(1): 29-49
  • Maleki Zahra, Ramezani Nejad Rahim, Melai Mina. Factors of the internal environment affecting the development of women's championship sports. New approaches in sports management. 2019, 8(31): 54-39
  • Naserian Azadeh, Sajjadi Hezaveh Seyed Hamid, Nik Ayin Zeint, Zarei Ali. Validation of the productivity model of women's specialized programs in Iran's sports network. New approaches in sports management. 1401, 10(38): 119-134.
  • Anderson SN. “I Definitely Need that Support”: Examining Support for Women Sport Coaches. The University of North Carolina at Greensboro; 2022.
  • Asghar A, Batool H, Arsh S. Socio-Economic Factors Affecting Women’s Participation in Sports Activities in Lahore. Bulletin of Business and Economics (BBE). 2024 Mar 27; 13(1).
  • Aydın C, Özel ÇH. Factors determining women's participation in leisure activities in Türkiye. World Leisure Journal. 2023 Jul 3;65(3):309-26.
  • Bevan N, Jeanes R, Truskewycz H. Spatial justice in the development of a women’s football team in Melbourne, Australia; an ethnographic study. Gender, Place & Culture. 2024 Mar 3; 31(3):312-34.
  • Bibi I, Khan S, Khan W, Abbas SA. Effects of parental problems on sports participation: a study of female elite athletes in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. Journal of Physical Education Research. 2016; 3(2):88-95.
  • Cloud K, Tibbetts E. (De) Weaponised for Change: How US Sport Nationalism Contributes to the Professionalisation of Women's Sports and Positive Social Change. InWomen’s Football in a Global, Professional Era 2023 Mar 9 (pp. 235-248). Emerald Publishing Limited.
  • De Grace LA, Knight CJ, Rodgers WM, Clark AM. Exploring the role of sport in the development of substance addiction. Psychology of Sport and Exercise. 2017 Jan 1; 28:46-57.
  • Deaner RO, Balish SM, Lombardo MP. Sex differences in sports interest and motivation: An evolutionary perspective. Evolutionary Behavioral Sciences. 2016 Apr; 10(2):73.
  • Drummond M, Drummond C, Elliott S, Prichard I, Pennesi JL, Lewis LK, Bailey C, Bevan N. Girls and young women in community sport: A South Australian perspective. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living. 2022 Jan 14; 3:803487.
  • Farzaneh S, Ezabadi RR, Rad SS, Marandi PK, Ranawat V. Identifying Barriers to Women's Participation in Sports Activities in both Urban and Rural Communities. International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences. 2021; 9(3):536-42.
  • Furukawa M. Can ‘Tanzania Ladies First’be a Trigger for Female Athletes to Continue in Sport? InForum for Development Studies 2024 Jan 2 (Vol. 51, No. 1, pp. 49-69). Routledge.
  • Gaskin CJ, Andersen MB, Morris T. Sport and physical activity in the life of a man with cerebral palsy: Compensation for disability with psychosocial benefits and costs. Psychology of Sport and Exercise. 2010 May 1; 11(3):197-205.
  • Hayat MF, Husin A, Shian BH, Ashiq R. Socio-cultural barriers influencing female participation in sports in rural South Punjab. Perspektif Jurnal Sains Sosial Dan Kemanusiaan. 2020 Oct 19; 12(2):11-9.
  • Haycock D, Smith A. A family affair? Exploring the influence of childhood sport socialisation on young adults’ leisure-sport careers in north-west England. Leisure studies. 2014 May 4; 33(3):285-304.
  • Hindman LC, Walker NA. Sexism in professional sports: How women managers experience and survive sport organizational culture. Journal of Sport Management. 2020 Jan 1; 34(1):64-76.
  • Laar RA, Ashraf MA, Zhou S, Zhang L, Zhong Z. Assessing the Association Between Pakistani Women’s Religious Beliefs and Sports Participation. Frontiers in Psychology. 2022 Jun 10; 13:915521.
  • Lee Y, Lim S. Effects of sports activity on sustainable social environment and juvenile aggression. Sustainability. 2019 Apr 16; 11(8):2279.
  • Nolte, L., & Roux, C. J. (2022). Judo in schools in South Africa: A judoka’s perspective. Arts and Sciences of Judo, 2(01), 10-18.
  • Wicker P, Hallmann K, Breuer C. Analyzing the impact of sport infrastructure on sport participation using geo-coded data: Evidence from multi-level models. Sport management review. 2013 Feb 1; 16(1):54-67.
  • Rich K, Nicholson M, Randle E, Donaldson A, O’Halloran P, Staley K, Kappelides P, Nelson R, Belski R. Participant-Centered sport development: A case study using the leisure constraints of women in regional communities. Leisure Sciences. 2022 Apr 3; 44(3):323-42.
  • Rowe NF. Sporting capital: a theoretical and empirical analysis of sport participation determinants and its application to sports development policy and practice. International journal of sport policy and politics. 2015 Jan 2; 7(1):43-61.
  • YENİLMEZ MI. The Impact of Media and Cultural Beliefs on Women’s Participation in Sports in Turkey: The Challenges faced by Turkish Women in Professional Sports. Sosyoekonomi. 2021 Apr 1; 29(48):91-106.
Research in Sport Management and Marketing
Volume 6, Issue 3
2025
Pages 56-68

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics